Subhas Chandra Bose( listen ; 23 January 1897 – 18 August 1945[1]) was an Indian nationalist whose attempt duringWorld War IIto rid India ofBritish rulewith the help ofNazi GermanyandJapanleft a troubled legacy.[4][5][6]The honorificNetaji(Hindustani language: "Respected Leader"), first applied to Bose in Germany, by the Indian soldiers of theIndische Legionand by the German and Indian officials in theSpecial Bureau for Indiain Berlin, in early 1942, was by 1990 used widely throughout India.
Earlier, Bose had been a leader of the younger, radical, wing of theIndian National Congressin the late 1920s and 1930s, rising to become Congress President in 1938 and 1939.[8]However, he was ousted from Congress leadership positions in 1939 following differences withMohandas K. Gandhiand the Congress high command.[9]He was subsequently placed under house arrest by the British before escaping from India in 1940.
Bose arrived in Germany in April 1941, where the leadership offered unexpected, if sometimes ambivalent, sympathy for the cause of India's independence, contrasting starkly with its attitudes towards other colonised peoples and ethnic communities.[11][12]In November 1941, with German funds, a Free India Centre was set up inBerlin, and soon a Free India Radio, on which Bose broadcast nightly. A 3,000-strongFree India Legion, comprising Indians captured byErwin Rommel'sAfrika Korps, was also formed to aid in a possiblefuture German land invasion of India.[13]During this time Bose also became a father; his wife,[3]or companion,[2]Emilie Schenkl, whom he had met in 1934, gave birth toa baby girl.
Netaji,freedom fighter,india
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